广州地区汛期强降水的微物理特征   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

邓雪娇  黄浩辉  吴兑 《热带气象学报》1996,12(2):167-173

分析了广州地区从化测站１９９４年６月份的雨滴谱资料，发现造成华南特大洪涝灾害的６月份降水的特点是：降水时间长，雨强、雨滴浓度、尺度均较大，最大雨滴直径为６．５ｍｍ，最大雨强为１５５．０６ｍｍ／ｈ。另外，按天气系统、降水性质综合考虑分类，把降水分成５大类，提供了一组可供雷达定量测量降水时参考和应用的Ｚ－Ｉ关系。  相似文献   

2018年春霜冻对江西省北部茶叶生产影响的定量评估   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

陶瑶  杨爱萍  段里成  张坤 《气象与减灾研究》2019,42(1):70-74

为探究江西省北部茶区春霜冻发生特点,深入开展茶叶春霜冻灾害定量评估工作,采用实地调查方式,获取江西省北部12个茶场2018年4月7—9日春霜冻的灾情资料和同期气象观测资料,采用加权求和法构建茶叶春霜冻灾害损失定量评估模型,对春霜冻灾害县进行灾害定量评估和检验。结果表明：婺源、浮梁等江西省北部茶叶主产县达到轻—重度春霜冻气象灾害等级,灾害指标等级计算结果与实地灾情调查结果较一致;轻度、中度、重度气象灾害等级的茶场减产率依次为10%—30%、30%—50%和50%以上;根据不同气象灾害等级的受灾面积及其减产率构建江西省北部茶叶春霜冻灾害损失定量评估模型,计算得到此次春霜冻灾害过程造成婺源县春茶直接经济损失为1.23亿元,模型评估结果和实际灾情相一致,模型能较为客观、准确的评估春霜冻灾害对茶叶生产造成的损失。  相似文献   

An historical empirical line method for the retrieval of surface reflectance factor from multi-temporal SPOT HRV,HRVIR and HRG multispectral satellite imagery     

Barnaby Clark  Juha Suomalainen  Petri Pellikka 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011

SPOT satellites have been imaging Earth's surface since SPOT 1 was launched in 1986. It is argued that absolute atmospheric correction is a prerequisite for quantitative remote sensing. Areas where land cover changes are occurring rapidly are also often areas most lacking in situ data which would allow full use of radiative transfer models for reflectance factor retrieval (RFR). Consequently, this study details the proposed historical empirical line method (HELM) for RFR from multi-temporal SPOT imagery. HELM is designed for use in landscape level studies in circumstances where no detailed overpass concurrent atmospheric or meteorological data are available, but where there is field access to the research site(s) and a goniometer or spectrometer is available. SPOT data are complicated by the ±27° off-nadir cross track viewing. Calibration to nadir only surface reflectance factor (ρ_s) is denoted as HELM-1, whilst calibration to ρ_s modelling imagery illumination and view geometries is termed HELM-2. Comparisons of field measured ρ_s with those derived from HELM corrected SPOT imagery, covering Helsinki, Finland, and Taita Hills, Kenya, indicated HELM-1 RFR absolute accuracy was ±0.02ρ_s in the visible and near infrared (VIS/NIR) bands and ±0.03ρ_s in the shortwave infrared (SWIR), whilst HELM-2 performance was ±0.03ρ_s in the VIS/NIR and ±0.04ρ_s in the SWIR. This represented band specific relative errors of 10–15%. HELM-1 and HELM-2 RFR were significantly better than at-satellite reflectance (ρ_SAT), indicating HELM was effective in reducing atmospheric effects. However, neither HELM approach reduced variability in mean ρ_s between multi-temporal images, compared to ρ_SAT. HELM-1 calibration error is dependent on surface characteristics and scene illumination and view geometry. Based on multiangular ρ_s measurements of vegetation-free ground targets, calibration error was negligible in the forward scattering direction, even at maximum off-nadir view. However, error exceeds 0.02ρ_s where off-nadir viewing was ≥20° in the backscattering direction within ±55° azimuth of the principal plane. Overall, HELM-1 results were commensurate with an identified VIS/NIR 0.02ρ_s accuracy benchmark. HELM thus increases applicability of SPOT data to quantitative remote sensing studies.  相似文献   

一种本体驱动的地理空间事件相关信息自动检索方法     

刘纪平  栗斌  石丽红  王振峰  陶坤旺 《测绘学报》2011,40(4):502-508

区别于传统的地理信息检索仅利用关键词进行匹配和查询的机制,以地理空间事件为纽带,提出一种由本体驱动的、与该地理空间事件相关的信息自动检索方法,实现用户仅仅需要了解地理空间事件发生的基本信息就可以从海量地理信息数据库中智能地提取与该地理空间事件相关的信息,并提供检索的个性化支持,以便用户主动、自动检索这些信息,简化用户获取信息的过程,减少因用户对信息组织方式、软件应用模式不了解造成的繁琐操作,提高检索效率。  相似文献   

森林叶片叶绿素含量反演的比较与分析     

佃袁勇  方圣辉  徐永荣  刘沐阳  张育育  鹿岩 《测绘信息与工程》2011,36(1):11-14

利用光谱指数和回归分析等方法进行叶绿素含量的反演,比较了归一化植被指数、比值植被指数、叶绿素吸收指数、三角植被指数和叶绿素指数反演叶绿素能力的差异,分析了光谱宽度对叶绿素指数反演叶绿素含量的影响,实现了森林叶片叶绿素含量的定量化反演。  相似文献   

曹妃甸近海表层悬浮泥沙遥感定量监测研究     

奥勇  王晓峰  孔金玲 《测绘科学》2011,36(1):77-80

在曹妃甸近海水体实测光谱数据分析的基础上,与同步采集的水体悬浮泥沙浓度进行相关分析,选用合适的TM数据的遥感变量参数,根据2008年实测的四个剖面29个站点的海洋水色数据建立了水体悬浮泥沙浓度与TM数据对应的遥感定量反演模型,并用18个独立样本点进行了精度评价.研究结果表明:曹妃甸近海水体光谱曲线基本呈现单峰现象,敏感...  相似文献   

地形云人工增雨条件卫星探测反演个例分析   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

刘贵华  余兴  戴进  徐小红  岳治国 《气象学报》2011,69(2):363-369

选取2007年6月21日陕西白于山区地形云降水过程,用极轨卫星资料反演高空间分辨率的云微物理特征.对云降水物理结构分析表明:(1)山前云区(迎风坡)云顶亮温(T)为-31℃,粒子有效半径(Re)为9μm,含有丰富过冷水,缺乏冰晶;(2)T=-20℃的低云在有高云参与的情况下,产生了较多的降水;(3)山前云区面积约400...  相似文献   

单多普勒雷达反演热带气旋近中心风场的VAP扩展应用方法   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

罗昌荣  孙照渤  魏鸣  池艳珍 《气象学报》2011,69(1):170-180

在尝试运用VAP方法和扩展VAP(EVAP)方法,对"韦帕"台风期间移动天气雷达(CINRAD/CCJ)观测基数据进行单雷达风场反演时,发现部分区域出现风向、风速不合理的情况.分析认为,在热带气旋近中心区域风向风速变化均较剧烈,而上述两种算法的假定条件难以准确代表风场的实际变化.根据热带气旋发展成熟阶段的气旋环流近似轴对称的特点,文中提出一种新的假定条件,即在与热带气旋中心等距离的圆周上局地风速不变、风向均匀变化,对VAP方法进行扩展应用,称为EVAPTC(EVAP for Tropical Cyclone)方法.对理想模型流场试验及对实际个例的反演结果表明,EVAPTC方法简便,反演误差相对较小,能够基本反映出台风近中心的环流特点,尤其是螺旋云带上的风场特征.例如"韦帕"台风螺旋云带内侧有明显的辐合气流进入螺旋云带,螺旋云带尾部的外围气流绕着云体移动,螺旋云带上的强回波区存在着风场扰动等.  相似文献   

The Application of Sea-Surface Wind Detection with Doppler Lidar in Olympic Sailing     

WANG Gaili  LIU Liping  LIU Zhishen  LU Bo  MU Rong 《大气科学进展》2011,28(6):1471-1480

The mobile incoherent Doppler lidar(MIDL),which was jointly developed by State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather(LaSW) of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(CAMS) and Ocean University of China,provided meteorological services during the Olympic sailing events in Qingdao in 2008.In this study,two experiments were performed based on these measurements.First,the capabilities of MIDL detection of sea-surface winds were investigated by comparing its radial velocities with those from a sea buoy.MIDL radial velocity was almost consistent with sea-buoy data;both reflected the changes in wind with time.However,the MIDL data was 0.5 m s 1 lower on average than the sea-buoy data due to differences in detection principle,sample volume,sample interval,spatial and temporal resolution.Second,the wind fields during the Olympic sailing events were calculated using a four-dimensional variation data assimilation(4DVAR) algorithm and were evaluated by comparing them with data from a sea buoy.The results show that the calculations made with the 4DVAR wind retrieval method are able to simulate the fine retrieval of sea-surface wind data-the retrieved wind fields were consistent with those of sea-buoy data.Overall,the correlation coefficient of wind direction was 0.93,and the correlation coefficient of wind speed was 0.70.The distribution of retrieval wind fields was consistent with that of MIDL radial velocity;the root-mean-square error between them had an average of only 1.52 m s 1.  相似文献   

人工神经网络法反演晴空大气湿度廓线的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘旸  官莉 《气象》2011,37(3):318-324

高光谱分辨率大气红外探测器AIRS(Atmospheric Infrared Sounder)作为第一个超高光谱大气红外探测仪,开辟了卫星大气探测的新时代.以无线电探空值与SARTA(Stand-Alone Radiative Transfer Algorithm辐射传输模式)v1.05版的前向模式模拟出的AIRS辐射...  相似文献